Endogenetic and Exogenetic forces:

Denudation and weathering;

Heat budget of the earth; Distribution of temperature;

Atmospheric pressure and general circulation of winds;

Stability and instability of the atmosphere;

Air-masses;

Fronts, temperate and tropical cyclones;

Classification of world climates;

Koppen’s and Thornthwaite’s schemes;

Hydrological Cycle; Global warming.

Bottom relief of Indian, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans;

Ocean deposits; Coral reefs;

Density of sea water; Tides and ocean currents; Sea-level changes.

animals; Forms and functions of ecosystem: Forest, grassland, marine and mountain ecosystem;

Ozone depletion

schools;

of rural and urban settlements;

growth; Urban fringe; City-region; Settlement systems; Primate city; Rank-Size rule; Settlement hierarchy;

Central Place theory; August Losch’s theory of market centres.

economics; Classification of economies; Sectors of Economy;

primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary;

Renewable and non-renewable; Conservation of resources.

combination and diversification; Von Thonen’s Model. Agricultural systems of the world

Resource based and footloose industries.

Models of transportation and transport cost: Accessibility and

connectivity

Global strategic views (Heartland and Rimland theories);

Concept of nation, state and Nation-State; Boundaries and frontiers; Politics of world resources; Geography and Federalism.

social processes; Elements of social Geography-ethnicity, tribe,

dialect, language, caste and religion; Concept of Social wellbeing

culture; Concept of culture-areas and cultural regions; Theories of tribal groups; Dwelling places as cultural expressions.

Types of regions; Methods of regional delineation;

Regional imbalances; Evolution, nature and scope of town planning with special reference to India, and Fundamentals of Town and Country planning.